Sean Lemass

December 27, 2017 | Author: Stéphanie Lin | Category: N/A
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Deskripsi Singkat

Introduction
Good afternoon everyone, today Joy and me are going to present Sean Lemass's « Open
economy » Strategy in Ireland 1924-1971.

So, In a first hand, I will talk about the background context, that is to say, describing Ireland situation before Sean Lemass and secondly I'll present Sean Lemass. In a second my partner Joy will explain Sean Lemass economic strategy such as his protectionist policies and his Open economy strategy"


1. Ireland situation before Sean Lemass
Situation in Ireland in the 1920's

Government of Ireland Act 1920 : Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which partitioned Ireland ("Northern Ireland"and "Southern Ireland". Both areas of Ireland were to continue as a part of the United Kingdom,). Home Rule never took effect in Southern Ireland due to the Irish War of Independence, which resulted instead in the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the establishment in 1922 of the Irish Free State.

Situation in Ireland in the 1950's

Ireland during the 1950s and 1960s was an economic wasteland with little industry and huge emigration. The first economic expansion was developped by DeValera, his plan was typical and autocratic, he led it like a private company. It had not really succeed. After that Seamus Costello, a member of Sinn Fein also worked incessantly to develop industry and trade.

Ireland underwent major highs and lows economically during the 19th century.
Economic depression, emigration and unemployment blighted the 1950s and this period was the decade in which emigration damaged the national idea of ideal rural life and the self-sufficiency.

In 1958 alone almost 60,000 emigrated at a time when the population of the Republic was under 4 million people.

So because no progress was made in Irelandat that period, even the Rule never took effect, the country Republic of Ireland even wasn't recognized. Population were demotivated, they want to go somewhere the economy is better.

In general the economy of the Republic was much weaker than that of the North throughout the 20th century, being based on agriculture; and much of that also being based on uneconomically small farms.


2. Presentation of Sean Lemass

Seán Francis Lemass was born in July 1899 at Dublin and he died in May 1971. He was an Irish patriot and politician.


In 1915, he was a member of Irish Volunteers and that's when he met Eamon De Valera.

Veteran of the Easter Rising 1916 :
He was engaged in the Easter Rising during April 1916 and other hostilities and he was landing in jail again and again.

He armed insurrection staged in Ireland in 1916.
The Rising was mounted by Irish republicans with the aims of ending British rule in Ireland and establishing an independent Irish Republic at a time when the United Kingdom was heavily engaged in World War I.
It was the most significant uprising in Ireland since the rebellion of 1798.

Veteran of the Irish War of Independence 1919 - 1921:
He is often considered to be one of the most influential politicians in independent Ireland.

Veteran of Irish Civil War 1922- 1923 : He opposed the establishment of the Irish Free State as a dominion under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 . The conflict was waged between two opposing groups of Irish republicans over the Anglo-Irish Treaty.

The new Irish Free State, who supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty under which the state was established, and the Republican opposition, for whom the Treaty represented a betrayal of the Irish Republic.

(The Civil War was won by the Free State forces, which were heavily armed and assisted by the British government. The conflict left Irish society divided for generations. Today, two of the main political parties in the Republic of Ireland, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, are direct descendants of the opposing sides in the war.)


Minister for Industry and Commerce, Minister for Supplies 

Teachta Dála He was a deputy in the Irish Parliament for the Dublin South constituency 1924

Sinn Féin (We Ourselves)
Elected as a Sinn Féin. Sinn Féin is an old Irish republican political party in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Sinn Fein didn't admit the existence of Irish Free State. In 1926, De Valera and Lemass tried to convince Sinn Fein to accept as legitimate theIrish Free State. But unsuccessfully. Then with an other politician Gerald Boland, they created the Fianna Fail



Fianna Fáil (Soldiers of Destiny
He was a founder-member of Fianna Fáil in 1926 : Fianna Fail is a Republican Party which remained the largest political party from 1932 until 2011 conservative. Fianna Fail was created from the old party Sinn Fein that I talked just before. So the Fianna Fail is a Centrist to centre-right and conservative political party in Ireland. Lemass tried to find some support in all the country. Many deputy of Sinn Fein comes to Fianna Fail. First they were reluctant with this idea of Ireland Free State but finally they admited it.

He served as taoiseach (prime minister) from 1959 until 1966 during De Valera presidentiel term. Sean Lemass was re-elected continuelly until his retirement. When he was taoiseach he was like the right arm of De Valera. As my colleague will say, he wants to modernise. He will try to create new relation.


Conclusion
Lemass internationalised Irish economy and set in train a new era of foreign investment and free trade. He was a key economic minister and started Ireland on the road to the European Union.
His legacy of economic reform in Ireland is perhaps his greatest achievement and is being evidenced in the economic boom which began in the mid-1990s. He developped Ireland Industry and thanks to him the two sides have improved their relationship
Sean Lemass played an important role in helping Ireland to become economically competitive and open its frontiers to foreign industries. Plus SL enabled social improvements. But most importantly, he built the first step toward Europe when saying Ireland's place is in Europe and wanting to join the EEC. He played an important role until his death in 1971, but his actions will lead to a more open Ireland.
In 1973 Ireland finally joined the EEC. After 1973, Ireland enacted liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic expansion. The country achieved considerable prosperity from 1995 to 2007, during which it became known as the Celtic Tiger (until the 2009 crisis).

Sources :
http://www.ireland-information.com/articles/seanlemass.htm







Deskripsi

Introduction
Good afternoon everyone, today Joy and me are going to present Sean Lemass's « Open
economy » Strategy in Ireland 1924-1971.

So, In a first hand, I will talk about the background context, that is to say, describing Ireland situation before Sean Lemass and secondly I'll present Sean Lemass. In a second my partner Joy will explain Sean Lemass economic strategy such as his protectionist policies and his Open economy strategy"


1. Ireland situation before Sean Lemass
Situation in Ireland in the 1920's

Government of Ireland Act 1920 : Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which partitioned Ireland ("Northern Ireland"and "Southern Ireland". Both areas of Ireland were to continue as a part of the United Kingdom,). Home Rule never took effect in Southern Ireland due to the Irish War of Independence, which resulted instead in the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the establishment in 1922 of the Irish Free State.

Situation in Ireland in the 1950's

Ireland during the 1950s and 1960s was an economic wasteland with little industry and huge emigration. The first economic expansion was developped by DeValera, his plan was typical and autocratic, he led it like a private company. It had not really succeed. After that Seamus Costello, a member of Sinn Fein also worked incessantly to develop industry and trade.

Ireland underwent major highs and lows economically during the 19th century.
Economic depression, emigration and unemployment blighted the 1950s and this period was the decade in which emigration damaged the national idea of ideal rural life and the self-sufficiency.

In 1958 alone almost 60,000 emigrated at a time when the population of the Republic was under 4 million people.

So because no progress was made in Irelandat that period, even the Rule never took effect, the country Republic of Ireland even wasn't recognized. Population were demotivated, they want to go somewhere the economy is better.

In general the economy of the Republic was much weaker than that of the North throughout the 20th century, being based on agriculture; and much of that also being based on uneconomically small farms.


2. Presentation of Sean Lemass

Seán Francis Lemass was born in July 1899 at Dublin and he died in May 1971. He was an Irish patriot and politician.


In 1915, he was a member of Irish Volunteers and that's when he met Eamon De Valera.

Veteran of the Easter Rising 1916 :
He was engaged in the Easter Rising during April 1916 and other hostilities and he was landing in jail again and again.

He armed insurrection staged in Ireland in 1916.
The Rising was mounted by Irish republicans with the aims of ending British rule in Ireland and establishing an independent Irish Republic at a time when the United Kingdom was heavily engaged in World War I.
It was the most significant uprising in Ireland since the rebellion of 1798.

Veteran of the Irish War of Independence 1919 - 1921:
He is often considered to be one of the most influential politicians in independent Ireland.

Veteran of Irish Civil War 1922- 1923 : He opposed the establishment of the Irish Free State as a dominion under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 . The conflict was waged between two opposing groups of Irish republicans over the Anglo-Irish Treaty.

The new Irish Free State, who supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty under which the state was established, and the Republican opposition, for whom the Treaty represented a betrayal of the Irish Republic.

(The Civil War was won by the Free State forces, which were heavily armed and assisted by the British government. The conflict left Irish society divided for generations. Today, two of the main political parties in the Republic of Ireland, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, are direct descendants of the opposing sides in the war.)


Minister for Industry and Commerce, Minister for Supplies 

Teachta Dála He was a deputy in the Irish Parliament for the Dublin South constituency 1924

Sinn Féin (We Ourselves)
Elected as a Sinn Féin. Sinn Féin is an old Irish republican political party in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Sinn Fein didn't admit the existence of Irish Free State. In 1926, De Valera and Lemass tried to convince Sinn Fein to accept as legitimate theIrish Free State. But unsuccessfully. Then with an other politician Gerald Boland, they created the Fianna Fail



Fianna Fáil (Soldiers of Destiny
He was a founder-member of Fianna Fáil in 1926 : Fianna Fail is a Republican Party which remained the largest political party from 1932 until 2011 conservative. Fianna Fail was created from the old party Sinn Fein that I talked just before. So the Fianna Fail is a Centrist to centre-right and conservative political party in Ireland. Lemass tried to find some support in all the country. Many deputy of Sinn Fein comes to Fianna Fail. First they were reluctant with this idea of Ireland Free State but finally they admited it.

He served as taoiseach (prime minister) from 1959 until 1966 during De Valera presidentiel term. Sean Lemass was re-elected continuelly until his retirement. When he was taoiseach he was like the right arm of De Valera. As my colleague will say, he wants to modernise. He will try to create new relation.


Conclusion
Lemass internationalised Irish economy and set in train a new era of foreign investment and free trade. He was a key economic minister and started Ireland on the road to the European Union.
His legacy of economic reform in Ireland is perhaps his greatest achievement and is being evidenced in the economic boom which began in the mid-1990s. He developped Ireland Industry and thanks to him the two sides have improved their relationship
Sean Lemass played an important role in helping Ireland to become economically competitive and open its frontiers to foreign industries. Plus SL enabled social improvements. But most importantly, he built the first step toward Europe when saying Ireland's place is in Europe and wanting to join the EEC. He played an important role until his death in 1971, but his actions will lead to a more open Ireland.
In 1973 Ireland finally joined the EEC. After 1973, Ireland enacted liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic expansion. The country achieved considerable prosperity from 1995 to 2007, during which it became known as the Celtic Tiger (until the 2009 crisis).

Sources :
http://www.ireland-information.com/articles/seanlemass.htm





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